1. 非交互式模式下的处理
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
如果
$PS1
变量为空,说明当前bash
会话是非交互式的(例如,在执行脚本时),此时直接返回,不执行后续的配置。
2. 历史记录控制
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace
设置历史记录控制变量
HISTCONTROL
,忽略重复的命令和以空格开头的命令。
3. 历史记录文件的追加模式
shopt -s histappend
启用
histappend
选项,使得每次退出bash
时,历史记录会追加到~/.bash_history
文件中,而不是覆盖它。
4. 历史记录长度设置
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000
设置
HISTSIZE
为 1000,表示内存中保存的历史命令数量。设置
HISTFILESIZE
为 2000,表示~/.bash_history
文件中保存的历史命令数量。
5. 窗口大小检查
shopt -s checkwinsize
启用
checkwinsize
选项,使得在每次命令执行后检查窗口大小,并更新LINES
和COLUMNS
变量。
6. less
命令的友好处理
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
如果
/usr/bin/lesspipe
可执行,则使用lesspipe
来处理非文本文件,使得less
命令可以更好地显示这些文件。
7. chroot 环境变量的设置
if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
如果当前环境是
chroot
环境,并且/etc/debian_chroot
文件可读,则读取该文件内容并赋值给debian_chroot
变量。
8. 终端颜色支持的检测
case "$TERM" in
xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac
根据
$TERM
变量的值判断终端是否支持颜色输出。如果$TERM
是xterm-color
,则设置color_prompt
为yes
。
9. 强制颜色提示符的设置
if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
color_prompt=yes
else
color_prompt=
fi
fi
如果
force_color_prompt
变量被设置,则检查tput
命令是否可用,并尝试设置前景色为红色。如果成功,则设置color_prompt
为yes
。
10. 提示符的设置
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
如果
color_prompt
为yes
,则设置带有颜色的提示符。否则,设置不带颜色的提示符。
最后,取消
color_prompt
和force_color_prompt
变量的设置。
11. 终端标题的设置
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
;;
*)
;;
esac
如果
$TERM
是xterm
或rxvt
系列终端,则设置终端标题为user@host: dir
。
12. ls
命令的颜色支持
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi
如果
dircolors
命令可用,则根据~/.dircolors
文件或默认配置设置LS_COLORS
变量。设置
ls
、grep
、fgrep
和egrep
命令的别名为自动启用颜色输出。
13. 其他 ls
命令的别名
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
定义一些常用的
ls
命令别名,方便使用。
14. 加载用户自定义的别名
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
. ~/.bash_aliases
fi
如果
~/.bash_aliases
文件存在,则加载该文件中的别名定义。
15. 启用可编程补全功能
#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
#fi
这段代码被注释掉了,原本是用来启用
bash
的可编程补全功能的。如果需要启用,可以取消注释。
完整配置
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
# don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options
# ... or force ignoredups and ignorespace
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace
# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend
# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize
# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac
# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes
if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
color_prompt=yes
else
color_prompt=
fi
fi
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
;;
*)
;;
esac
# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
#alias dir='dir --color=auto'
#alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi
# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
. ~/.bash_aliases
fi
# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
#fi
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